Amendment 31: High Commission and Union Reform Act

Author: Renegalle

Purpose: To improve the existing system of territorial oversight and support, to improve the government’s ability to act on a federal scale, to create a formal procedure for admission of States into the Union, to better define the Court’s power over the territories and territorial law, and to redefine classifications of law.

Existing Clause: Title
The Constitution of the Union of Force and its Territories

New Clause: Title
Constitution of the Union of Force

Existing Clause: Preamble
We the nations of Force and its Territories, come together to form a union in which all are equal, where liberty and democracy prevail, where freedom is not only protected, but embraced, and in which unity is held sacrosanct.

New Clause: Preamble
We come together to form a union in which all are equal, where liberty and democracy prevail, where freedom is not only protected, but embraced, and in which unity is held sacrosanct.

Existing Clause: §A.5
5. Citizens who voted in the last election for House of Representatives in the territory which a Representative represents and who currently reside in that territory shall hold the sole power to remove a Representative from office. They shall do so by holding a democratic vote in which a simple majority of votes in favor of their removal, within 3 days, is required to remove them.

New Clause: §A.5
5. Citizens residing in the region a representative represents may vote to remove them from office. They shall do so by holding a democratic vote, overseen by the Speaker, in which a simple majority of votes in favor of the removal, within 3 days, is required to remove the Representative. To vote, a citizen must have resided in that region prior to the vote being held.

Existing Clause: §C.2.2
2.2. A minister shall be responsible for overseeing capital domestic matters, including Union recruitment, ensuring new members of the Union understand how the government works and know about all the opportunities available to them, and producing any other official publications and documents.

New Clause: §C.2.2
2.2. A minister shall be responsible for overseeing domestic matters, including Union recruitment, ensuring new members of the Union understand how the government works and all opportunities available to them, as well as producing any official publications and documents.

Existing Section: Article D: Types of Law
1. Laws shall exist in a hierarchical manner, so that some are more important than others.
2. The Constitution
2.1. This Constitution shall function as the highest level of law.
3. House Law
3.1. The laws passed by the House of Representatives shall function as the second highest level of law and can do anything that does not contradict, amend (except by legal means), or suspend the Constitution.
4. Executive Law
4.1. Executive Orders may be issued by the Founder or Prime Minister which shall have the power to do anything except contradict, amend, or suspend the Constitution or House Law. In addition, they may not amend or suspend territorial law, but may contradict it as necessary in accordance with the powers given to them in this Constitution.
5. Treaty Law
5.1. This constitutes all official treaties between the Union and other sovereign governments and ordinances passed through the framework of these treaties. These may not contradict, amend, or suspend the Constitution, House Law, or Executive Law.
6. Territorial Law
6.1. The laws passed by each respective territory shall have the power to do anything within that territory which does not contradict, amend, or suspend the Constitution, House Law, Executive Law, or Treaties.

New Section: Article D: Types of Law
1. Laws shall exist in a hierarchical manner, such that some are more important than others.
2. Federal Law
2.1. The Constitution of the Union of Force shall function as the highest level of law throughout the Union.
2.2. The laws passed by the House of Representatives shall function as the second highest level of law and can do anything that does not contradict, amend (except by legal means), or suspend the Constitution.
2.3. Executive Orders may be issued by the Founder or Prime Minister which shall have the power to do anything except contradict, amend, or suspend the Constitution or House Law. They may not amend or suspend state or territorial law. They may contradict state and territorial laws, in accordance with the powers given by this Constitution, but may not contradict state constitutions (or the equivalent).
2.4. All official treaties between the Union and other sovereign governments and ordinances passed through the framework of these treaties. These may not contradict, amend, or suspend the Constitution, House Law, or Executive Law.
3. State and Territorial Law
3.1. The laws passed by each respective state or territory shall have the power to do anything within that state or territory which does not contradict, amend, or suspend federal law.

Existing Clauses: §E.3, §E.5.1.2, and §E.6-§E.6.2
3. The House shall hold the power to pass and repeal laws.
5.1.2. All other government officials, besides those excluded from impeachment in §E.6, shall require a simple majority vote to be impeached.
6. Any member of the House may propose an amendment to this Constitution. Once every member of the House has had the chance to review the Amendment, the Amendment may be seconded and subsequently, sent to vote. If the House votes in favor of it, with a simple majority, it will then be sent to the citizens, within one week, for a vote lasting 4 days. This vote shall be administered by the Speaker of the House, their Deputy, or a citizen to whom the responsibility is delegated if neither of the aforementioned are able to. If the citizens approve of the amendment with a 2/3 majority, the amendment will be sent to the Founder for approval.
6.1. If the Founder signs the amendment, the Constitution shall be amended and the amendment shall become law. In signing it, the Founder may fix any spelling, grammar, and formatting errors in the passed amendment and that fixed version shall become law.
6.2. If the Founder vetoes it, providing reasoning for their veto, it shall not become law, with no option to override the veto.

New Clauses: §E.3, §E.5.1.2, and §E.6-§E.7.2
3. The House shall hold the power to pass and repeal laws and may create laws defining its own positions and procedures, within the constraints of this Constitution. The House shall at minimum have a Speaker to lead it in holding votes and overseeing debates.
5.1.2. All other government officials, besides those excluded from impeachment in §E.5, shall require a simple majority vote to be impeached.
6. The House may grant or revoke statehood by means of a special session and vote.
6.1. For both special sessions, a majority of capital representatives in favor as well as a majority of each state’s representatives in favor shall constitute an actual majority. The votes of territorial representatives shall not be considered in either special session. The votes of representatives from a state whose status is being revoked shall not be considered in a revocation session.
6.2. A territory may petition the House of Representatives for statehood.
6.2.1. A territorial leader, seeking statehood, must submit a completed constitution (or equivalent document), reviewed by the High Court for legality, to the House of Representatives.
6.2.2. The Speaker of the House shall read, in its entirety, the constitution to the assembled representatives. Representatives may suggest changes, which shall be taken note of. Once this reading is done, the Speaker shall read the constitution once more, during which time representatives may suggest additional changes.
6.2.3. Following this, two votes shall be held, on whether to admit the territory as a state and on whether to accept the completed constitution.
6.2.3.1. If an actual majority votes in favor of both measures, the territory shall become a state and the submitted constitution (or equivalent) shall become the new state’s highest law after federal law and replace the applicant’s existing constitution (or equivalent thereof).
6.2.3.2. If an actual majority votes in favor of the territory becoming a state, but not in favor of the constitution, the constitution, with the submitted suggestions for changes, shall be sent back to the territory’s leader. The session shall end and the territory’s status shall remain the same.
6.3. The House of Representatives, by means of a special session and vote, may revert a state to territorial status.
6.3.1. Both the state and those in favor of reverting its status shall have the opportunity to make their case.
6.3.2. Following this, the House of Representatives shall hold a vote on whether to revert the state to territorial status. If an actual majority votes in favor, the state shall revert to territorial status and its existing constitution (or equivalent) shall be annulled.
7. Any member of the House may propose an amendment to this Constitution. Once every member of the House has had the chance to review the Amendment, the Amendment may be seconded and subsequently, sent to vote. If the House votes in favor of it, with a simple majority, it will then be sent to the citizens, within one week, for a vote lasting 4 days. This vote shall be administered by the Speaker of the House, their Deputy, or a citizen to whom the responsibility is delegated if neither of the aforementioned are able to. If the citizens approve of the amendment with a 2/3 majority, the amendment will be sent to the Founder for approval.
7.1. If the Founder signs the amendment, the Constitution shall be amended and the amendment shall become law. In signing it, the Founder may fix any spelling, grammar, and formatting errors in the passed amendment and that fixed version shall become law.
7.2. If the Founder vetoes it, providing reasoning for their veto, it shall not become law, with no option to override the veto.

Existing Clause: §F.11
11. The Justices shall hold the sole authority to judge the legality of all House Laws (excluding Constitutional amendments) and Territorial Laws. They shall provide a public statement on the legality of each of these laws within a week of their passage. They shall also hold the authority to judge the legality of executive and treaty law, though they are not required to provide statements on their legality.

New Clause: §F.11
11. The Justices shall hold the sole authority to judge the legality of all House Laws (excluding Constitutional amendments) and State or Territorial Constitutions (or the equivalents thereof) and amendments to the aforementioned. They shall also hold the authority to judge the legality of executive, treaty, and other State or Territorial laws, though they are not required to do so. For every law they review:

Existing Clause: §G.1.2.1
1.2.1. If a government official anticipates an absence this long, in order to keep their position, prior to the absence they must provide reasonable cause for it and designate another official in their area of government to take on their responsibilities. This shall not apply to the Court, who are subject to §G.4, regardless of the circumstances.

New Clause: §G.1.2.1
1.2.1. If a government official anticipates an absence this long, in order to maintain their position, they must provide reasonable cause for it prior to the absence and designate another official in their area of government to take on their responsibilities. This shall not apply to the Court, whose members are subject to §G.6, regardless of the circumstances.

Existing Clauses: §H.2.2 and §H.3.2
2.2. In elections for House Representatives, ballots shall allow residents of each territory to vote for or against each candidate running for that territory's seat(s). They may vote, at maximum, for as many candidates as there are available seats, as indicated by §E.2. The candidates with more votes for than against them shall be elected.
3.2. The Speaker shall be responsible for sending a telegram to all citizens of the Union's capital region and is urged to send one to each of its states, notifying them of the start of each election stage. They shall do the same on the Force Discord Server.

New Clauses: §H.2.2 and §H.3.2
2.2. In elections for House Representatives, ballots shall allow residents of each region to vote for or against each candidate running for that region’s seat(s). They may vote, at maximum, for as many candidates as there are available seats, as indicated by §E.2. The candidates with more votes for than against them shall be elected.
3.2. The Speaker shall be responsible for sending a telegram to all citizens of the Union's capital region and to each of its states, notifying them of the start of each election stage. They shall do the same on the Force Discord Server.

Existing Clause: §I.1.3
1.3. Attempting to or successfully raiding or illegally occupying a territory of the Union of Force or its allies.

New Clause: §I.1.3
1.3. Attempting to or successfully raiding or illegally occupying a region of the Union of Force or its allies.

Existing Section: Article K: Territories
1. The Union shall consist of territories, all (except military occupations) subject to the Constitution, House Law, Executive Law (where applicable), and Treaty Law.
1.1. All territories may by law establish courts.
1.1.1. These courts may only try crimes which are illegal in that territory, but not on a federal level. Only the Union High Court may try federal crimes.
1.1.2. Punishments for these crimes must be in line with the Union Constitution and may only remove privileges which exist within that territory and not on a federal level.
2. The Founder may create, remove, annex, combine, or disassociate any territories from the Union, except for the capital territory and states, at their discretion.
3. Territorial classifications (except those defined herein), with differing levels of sovereignty, may be created, modified, or removed at the discretion of the Founder or High Commissioner.
3.1. All territories, except the capital territory and states, may have their classifications modified at the discretion of the Founder. The capital territory and states may only have their classifications modified by an amendment to this Constitution.
4. The Founder may appoint and dismiss, at their discretion, a High Commissioner, who shall be charged with overseeing the affairs of the Union's territories. This shall include coordinating inter-union functions, tending to any issues that the territories may encounter, and ensuring that the law is upheld within them.
4.1. Each State and any other territories where it is deemed necessary shall have a viceroy, nominated by the High Commissioner and approved by the Founder.
4.2. Each Viceroy shall act as the official Union Representative to that territory, tasked with routinely reporting to the High Commissioner on that territory's activity, progress, and issues. They shall additionally be responsible for communicating to that territory important messages from the federal government, including the start of different stages in federal elections, voting on amendments, the release of The Force Flyer, and inter-union events.
4.3. Each Viceroy shall be the head of that territory's military and intelligence forces (if they exist), unless otherwise tasked by order of the Founder or High Commissioner, and must be given access to that territory's governmental meeting place(s).
5. The Capital Territory shall be the seat of the Federal Government and be administered solely by it.
5.1. Force is the only capital territory.
6. States shall exist as semi-sovereign entities. Each of them may form their own governments with power over all matters, except those concerning foreign relations and defense. The Founder or High Commissioner may grant these restricted powers to a State Government at their discretion.
6.1. RGBN and Heart are the only states.
7. Provinces shall exist as semi-sovereign entities. They may be led by a Governor, appointed by the Founder, put under direct Federal Government control at the order of the same, or have their own governments with power over all matters, except those concerning foreign relations and defense.
8. Military occupations shall be a special classification of territory where residents shall not hold Union citizenship and where usual laws shall not apply. They shall be subject solely to the orders of the Founder or a Military Governor appointed by the Founder to oversee them.

New Section, Article K: The Union
1. The Union shall consist of the capital, states, and territories (the Union of Force), all (except occupations) subject to the Constitution, House Law, Executive Law (where applicable), and Treaty Law.
2. The Founder may appoint and dismiss, at their discretion, a High Commissioner, who shall act as an intermediary between the federal, state, and territorial governments. Their powers and responsibilities shall include:
2.1. Holding meetings with state and territorial leaders, at least once a month, to discuss their status, any issues they are encountering, progress they have made on tackling existing issues, and future plans. They may also hold meetings at any time to discuss emergency issues and may compel state and territorial leaders (or their designated representatives) to attend, provided they give at least 24 hours’ notice and these individuals are able to attend.
2.2. Issuing notifications to the federal government for the resolution of any problem states or territories may be facing. Should the federal government fail to attempt to resolve any issue within 1 month of the relevant notification being made, the Prime Minister shall be guilty of nonfeasance.
2.3. Ensuring that the law is upheld within all states and territories. This shall include making sure that state and territorial elections are held on time, that their laws are fully observed, and that federal law and changes to it are implemented there and made known to all.
2.4. Coordinating, in conjunction with the Founder, the annexation, combination, and disassociation of territories.
3. The Capital shall be the seat of the Federal Government and be administered solely by it.
3.1. Force is the capital.
4. States shall exist as semi-sovereign entities. Each of them may form their own governments with power over all matters, except those concerning foreign relations and defense. The Founder or Prime Minister may grant these restricted powers to a State Government at their discretion.
4.1. Only States may by law establish courts, all observant of due process and both state and federal law.
4.1.1. These courts may only try crimes which are illegal in that state, but not on a federal level. Only the Union High Court may try federal crimes.
4.1.2. Punishments for these crimes must be in line with the Union Constitution and may only remove privileges which exist within that state and not on a federal level.
4.2. RGBN and Heart are the states.
4.2.1. Clause 4.2 shall be updated, without an amendment, should the House of Representatives make a territory a state, in line with §E.6.2.3.1 or revert a state to territorial status, in line with §E.6.3.2.
5. Territories (other than occupations) shall exist as semi-sovereign entities. They may be led by a Governor, appointed by the Founder, put under direct Federal Government control at the order of the same, or have their own governments with power over all matters, except those concerning foreign relations and defense.
5.1. Occupations shall be a special classification of territory where residents shall not hold Union citizenship and where usual laws shall not apply. They shall be subject solely to the orders of the Founder or a Governor appointed by the Founder to oversee them.
5.2. The Founder may create, remove, annex, combine, or disassociate any territories from the Union at their discretion.
5.3. Territorial classifications (except those defined herein), with differing levels of sovereignty, may be created, modified, or removed at the discretion of the Founder or High Commissioner.
5.4. All territories may have their classifications modified at the discretion of the Founder and High Commissioner. However, the Founder may overrule the High Commissioner.

House Bill 56: Comprehensive House Procedures Act

Purpose: To replace several older Bills with a single more comprehensive one and to update existing House Procedures to be simpler and more efficient.

Author(s): Previous versions by Azerubia, Lashnakia, Libertatis Regalis, Salibaic, Sumeka, and Renegalle.

Article 1: Basic Procedures

1. Proposed laws must be seconded by a House Representative before they can be debated.
2. A debate shall be held by the Speaker within 7 days. The Speaker may hold one debate to discuss multiple pieces of proposed legislation.

     2.1. If the Speaker does not start a debate within 7 days it shall be considered nonfeasance (except where a vote has been forced by petition).

3. After debate, a vote shall take place within 48 hours. If a vote on the proposed law has been forced by petition, the Speaker shall try to ensure a debate still takes place before the mandated vote.

     3.1. If the Speaker does not start a vote within 48 hours it shall be considered nonfeasance.

4. Votes on bills, repeals, and resolutions shall require a simple majority to pass.

     4.1. These votes shall remain open for 2 days or until they reach a majority.

5. Bills must be presented to the Prime Minister for signature, once passed. Once signed, they shall become law.

     5.1. If the Prime Minister vetoes a bill, the House, following a debate, can overturn this veto with a 2/3 majority vote.

Article 2: Speaker

1. The House shall elect a Speaker from amongst its members by a 2/3 majority vote who shall be responsible for:

     1.1. Holding and scheduling debate on proposed laws and votes thereof. They shall provide and update a publicly available schedule of the House's upcoming debates, meetings, and votes.
     1.2. Correcting formatting errors and posting proposed laws on the forums before holding a vote (if not already there). If it is unclear what any section is trying to say, the Speaker must ask for clarification from the law's author(s).
     1.3. Tabulating votes and posting these results wherever the passed law is found, or in the case of a repeal, wherever the repealed law is found. This must specify the votes of each member or if they were absent from the vote.  They must also ensure that the law is moved to the appropriate section of the forums and if it affects any other laws, those laws are to be moved as well.
     1.4. Informing citizens of the passage of legislation (or repeals) on a weekly basis. If no legislation/repeals have been passed during a particular week, they shall not be required to do this.
     1.5. Informing citizens and the House of Representatives of House debates and meetings. They must also extend an invitation to citizens, by any reasonable means, to participate. No citizen may be barred from listening in on these sessions. All House Representatives must be able to provide their opinions on the matters of discussion during these sessions.
     1.6. Supervising and holding elections, as required and laid out by the Constitution.

2. A Speaker shall be elected at the beginning of a new term after the completion of a General or Midterm Election. A new election for Speaker may be held during a term if the Speaker resigns or loses their position in the House and has no Deputy.

     2.1. These elections shall begin with candidacy announcements, followed by a debate, followed by a formal vote. Each such period shall last 2 days or in the case of voting, until every Representative has voted.
     2.2. If the House Speaker from the previous term is re-elected, they shall remain the incumbent until a new election for Speaker has been held. They shall hold the Speaker election. If they are not re-elected, the Founder shall hold the election for Speaker.

3. The Speaker may appoint another member of the House as their Deputy, who shall assume the title of Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives. They may remove this person as Deputy at any time and for any reason.

     3.1. The Deputy Speaker shall take on the duties of the Speaker if the Speaker is absent for any reason or has delegated those duties to them.
     3.2. The Deputy Speaker shall assume the position of Speaker if the Speaker resigns from their position or for any reason ceases to be a Representative.

Article 3: Bill Format

1. A bill shall have the following format:

House Bill [TBD]: [title of bill]
Purpose: [the purpose the bill is trying to achieve]
Author(s): [Author(s) Name]
Article [article number]: [article name]
[clause number]. [text of clause].

Article 4: Repeals

1. Any law passed by the House may be repealed, except Constitutional Amendments, unless those Amendments have not yet been voted on by the citizens.
2. Bills may include repeals in their contents.
3. Standalone repeals shall not have any format, name, or number; they shall simply be motions which are debated and voted upon.

Article 5: Constitutional Amendments

1. An amendment shall have the following format:

Amendment [TBD]: [title of Amendment]
Purpose: [the purpose the bill is trying to achieve]
Author(s): [Author(s) Name]
[Existing Section: Name of Section] Existing Language
[New Section: Name of Section] New Language
OR
[Existing Clause(s): [Clause Number(s), including Section letter]] Existing Language
[New Clause(s): [Clause Number(s), including Section letter]] New Language

2. When an amendment is proposed, the following should be bolded:
     2.1. Any and all new material proposing to be added to the document.
3. If material is removed, it is to be striked out in the new article to indicate so.
4. After the bill has passed voting by the House, the Speaker of the House, Founder, or writer of the bill may remove these bolded and struck out characters and properly format the amendment.

Article 6: House Resolutions

1. All House resolutions shall have the following format:

House Resolution [TBD]: [title of resolution]
[Statement].

2. Usage of a resolution
     2.1. To commend an individual or branch of government
     2.2. To censure an individual or branch of government
     2.3. To introduce procedural changes that only affect the House of Representatives

Article 7: Articles of Impeachment Format

1. Articles of impeachment shall have the following format:

House Impeachment [TBD]
Official: [the official the House is trying to impeach]
Article [article number]: [article name]
[Statement].

Article 8: Numbering

1. The Speaker of the House will assign all new bills a number after they have been passed by the House and signed into law.
2. Resolutions, Articles of Impeachment, and Constitutional Amendments shall be assigned a number after being passed by the House.

Article 9: Repeals

1. House Bills 11, 28, 30, 31, 37, 43, 46, and 54 are repealed by this Bill.

Getting people to join the WA and endorse the Delegate

To be sent to
region:force,-tag:wa

[b]Great nations of Force,[/b]

To increase the influence of our region on the world stage and enhance its security, I would like to ask a special favor of you:

[u]Join the World Assembly![/u]

The World Assembly has many benefits to offer you, including the ability to endorse others and gain the position of World Assembly Delegate, the ability to submit and vote on resolutions brought to the General Assembly or Security Council, and the ability to seamlessly take part in our military, should we choose to form one.

[spoiler=[b]Follow these steps to join[/b]]
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[list=1][*]First, make sure you have an email connected to your nation, which can be set (or removed/changed) in your [url=/page=settings][b]settings page[/b][/url].
[*]Go to [url=https://www.nationstates.net/page=un][b]the World Assembly page[/b][/url] and click [b]Apply to Join[/b].
[*]Check your email for a message from NationStates. If you can't find one, make sure to check your junk or spam mail. It may take a minute or two to show up, so be patient.
[*]Finally, click the verification link in the email and you'll be brought to a page to confirm your WA membership. Click on the button to join.[/list]
...and that's it! You're in. Once you've joined, make sure [b]not[/b] to join the World Assembly with another nation. It goes against game rules and [b]you will[/b] be caught.

══════════════════════════════════════
[/spoiler]

We'd also like to ask a favor of you: endorse our World Assembly Delegate! The current WAD is [b][nation]Battadia[/nation][/b].
More endorsements give our region more power on the world stage, so we ask that you do this if you want to see that come to fruition.

[spoiler=[b]How to endorse the Delegate[/b]]
══════════════════════════════════════
[list=1][*]Go to [url=/nation=Battadia#composebutton][b]their nation page[/b][/url]
[*]Click [b]'Endorse Battadia'[/b]
[/list]
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[/spoiler]

Thank you so much for taking the time to read this telegram and helping out our region. Your efforts will not be in vain.

Sincerely,
[b][nation]Renegalle[/nation][/b]

---

I, Renegalle, Founder of the Union of Force and its Territories, hereby bestow the highest award we have upon an incredibly dedicated individual.

Sir Azerubia/Suter joined Force just over a year ago and very quickly began moving up the ranks. Taking the position of Minister of Communications, he lead the Ministry through a difficult time and has ensured its continued success month after month. He revolutionized the design and content of The Force Flyer, adding more articles than before with far more depth than under previous Ministers and he took the time to ensure editions were released on time. He found new writers, new types of content to include, and took a great deal of the burden on himself, writing many of the articles on his own when others were unable or unwilling to help. He spent painstaking hours creating charts tracking our population and activity and as an active member of the community, had no trouble coming up with new ideas for articles. His work in the Ministry of Communications was only one aspect of what he has done for the Union.

In June, he took over as President of RGBN, choosing a very different style of governing from his predecessors. He worked very hard on increasing activity and in particular, bringing back RGBN's RMB RP which had for a time, been the hallmark of its activity. RGBN has long been a troubled region. It was initially taken as a territory by Force when its original Founder, Shenifar (now known as Orogia or Kiel for those on Discord), decided to shut down the region. As RGBN was one of our first embassies, I took notice and asked if we could do anything to help. It turned out that taking over the region was the best thing we could do. We restored the region to activity and partially brought back the RMB RP, but it was never quite the vibrant place it had once been - that is, of course, until Sir Suter took over. From under 40 nations when he took over, RGBN has grown to be the second largest region in the Union, just behind Force itself, with a population now above 120 nations. RGBN is now only about 10 nations below its historical high, which it enjoyed as a sovereign region, years ago. RGBN has a relatively active Discord and RMB, a high population, status as a state, and key voting power in elections. All of this was made possible by Sir Azerubia/Suter and it is important that he is recognized for his efforts.

Sir Azerubia/Suter is now known for his involvement in the Union's community. He is an active participant on Force's and RGBN's Discords, serves as one of our Official Moderators, is known for his participation in the RP, and joins in almost every event and discussion imaginable. He has made many people enjoy their time more here because of his kind demeanor and humor. He is a friend to me and many others and now that he has unfortunately had to resign due to the pressures of real life, I bid him farewell from government. I truly hope that when the pressures of real life loosen their hold a bit, he will be able to once again be an active and friendly member of the community.

Sir Azerubia/Suter is now entitled to move his main nation or a puppet to the territory of Dot and is entitled to all the honor and respect bestowed upon him by this award.

Again, I thank you for all you have done for the Union and know that you will excel in whatever you may undertake, both here and in real life.

Sincerely,

Renegalle

Founder/Emperor of Force

Esteemed Justices,

I would like to ask that you review the validity of the recent citizens' vote held on the passage of Amendment X, the Stronger Justice Act, to the Constitution. I am requesting this review for a few different reasons:

• The vote was held in a manner which made it unclear what amendment was being voted on (it first said it was a vote on Amendments 29 and 30, then it changed to Amendment 29, then it changed to Amendment 28, but the Amendment which was actually being voted on was not even numbered
• There are already two proposed amendments called Amendment 28 (see here), but neither of these was the amendment being voted on
• The Amendment being voted on was not linked in the vote, so very few citizens voted on it, which contributed to low turnout in the amendment vote (only 3 citizens voted)

As a result, I believe that this vote was not valid because the vast majority of citizens were effectively disenfranchised (albeit unintentionally) and that denied them the ability to vote on that amendment because they had no idea what was being voted on or had a false impression of what was being voted on. As guaranteed by House Bill 39, all citizens have the right to vote. The aforementioned actions effectively denied citizens this right.

I would like to request that you both review the validity of this vote and adjudicate on whether or not a new vote, linking the proper amendment and making very clear what is being voted on, should be held.

I thank you for your time.

Amendment 27: September 2020 Reforms Act

Purpose: In order to ensure a better functioning region, this Act hereby amends the Constitution in such a manner so that democracy and citizen participation is increased, loopholes are done away with, and efficiency in government becomes the norm rather than the exception.

Existing Section, Article A: Citizenship

1. All nations in the Union are citizens.
2. Citizenship shall entitle nations to the rights outlined in Article B.
3. Citizenship may only be removed by the Court as a punishment following a criminal trial. Rights of Citizenship may be removed by the Court for the same reason, but only temporarily.
4. Citizenship shall only remain valid as long as the citizen's nation remains in the Union.
5. Citizens shall hold the sole power to remove a Representative and shall do so by holding a democratic vote in which a simple majority is required to remove them. A public hearing must be held prior to the vote.

New Section, Article A: Citizenship

1. All individuals in the Union are citizens.
2. Citizenship shall entitle individuals to the rights outlined in Article B.
3. Citizenship may only be removed by the Court as a punishment following a criminal trial. Rights of Citizenship may be removed by the Court for the same reason, but only temporarily.
4. Citizenship shall only remain valid as long as the citizen's nation remains in the Union.
5. Citizens who voted in the last election for House of Representatives in the territory which a Representative represents and who currently reside in that territory shall hold the sole power to remove a Representative from office. They shall do so by holding a democratic vote in which a simple majority of votes in favor of their removal, within 3 days, is required to remove them.
6. Citizens shall hold the power to force a vote in the House of Representatives on any proposed House Law or Constitutional Amendment. At least five citizens must sign a motion putting forward such a proposal, after which the House shall be obliged to hold a vote on the legislation within one week.

Existing Section, Article B: Rights of Citizenship

1. The right to freedom of speech and free expression of political views.
1.1. This right shall not allow citizens to circumvent rules put in place on any offsite venue, as long as these rules are solely for the prevention of spam, flaming, impersonation, doxxing, harassment, to comply with a platform's terms of service, or similar.
1.1.1. Doxxing is defined as publishing private or identifying information about an individual without their consent.
1.1.2. Harassment is defined as repeated or continuing contact serving no useful purpose except to create alarm, annoyance, or cause emotional distress.
1.1.3. Impersonation is defined as deliberately attempting to mislead people to believe that you are a government official or a person who is a candidate for elected office.
1.2. Government officials shall be subject to restrictions on this right as it pertains to the release of information which if released, could threaten the safety and security of the Union.
2. The right to freedom of the press.
3. The right to protest freely and petition the government for the redress of any grievances.
4. The right to a fair trial.
5. The right to run for government office.
5.1. If a candidate in any election fails to answer all questions asked to them by the Founder or Speaker of the House within the debate period, they shall be disqualified from that election.
6. No citizen shall have to answer for a crime committed prior to that act being made criminal.

New Section, Article B: Rights of Citizenship

1. The right to freedom of speech and free expression of political views.
1.1. This right shall not allow citizens to circumvent rules put in place on any offsite venue, as long as these rules are solely for the prevention of spam, flaming, impersonation, doxxing, harassment, to comply with a platform's terms of service, or similar.
1.1.1. Doxxing is defined as publishing private or identifying information about an individual without their consent.
1.1.2. Harassment is defined as repeated or continuing contact serving no useful purpose except to create alarm, annoyance, or cause emotional distress.
1.1.3. Impersonation is defined as deliberately attempting to mislead people to believe that you are a government official or a person who is a candidate for elected office.
1.2. Government officials shall be subject to restrictions on this right as it pertains to the release of information which if released, could threaten the safety and security of the Union.
2. The right to freedom of the press.
3. The right to protest freely and petition the government for the redress of any grievances.
4. The right to a fair trial.
5. The right to run for government office.
5.1. If a candidate in any election fails to answer all questions asked to them by the Founder or Speaker of the House within the debate period, they shall be disqualified from that election.
6. No citizen shall have to answer for a crime committed prior to that act being made criminal.
7. No citizen shall be forced into military or government service without their clear consent.

Existing Section, Article C: The Cabinet

1. The Founder of Force shall be the Union's head of state and the Prime Minister of Force shall be the Union's head of government.
1.1. The Founder shall be responsible for maintaining stability, overseeing the Cabinet, and stepping in to lead the Cabinet should the need arise.
1.2. The Prime Minister shall be responsible for actively leading the Union and Cabinet.
2. The Prime Minister shall appoint the Cabinet and have the power to remove any of its members, except for the Founder. They shall be responsible for, at minimum, appointing ministers charged with foreign affairs, internal affairs, communications, and culture.
2.1. A minister shall be responsible for maintaining existing diplomatic relationships and forging new ones, overseeing the signing of treaties, and ensuring The Force Flyer is distributed to all of them.
2.2. A minister shall be responsible for overseeing domestic matters, including recruitment, and ensuring new members of the Union understand how the government works and know about all the opportunities available to them.
2.3. A minister shall be responsible for publishing The Force Flyer on a monthly basis and producing any other official publications and documents.
2.4. A minister shall be responsible for creating and running events for citizens of the Union to participate in, continuing old and forging new traditions, and recording the history of the Union.
2.5. All members of the Cabinet may appoint deputies to assist them in their duties. If any deputy is delegated power or responsibilities through the administration of a formal oath affirming this, they shall be considered a government official.
3. Any military or intelligence forces within the Union shall be considered under the supreme command and authority of the Founder and Prime Minister.
4. The Prime Minister can appoint a Deputy Prime Minister to help oversee the ministries responsible for foreign affairs, internal affairs, communications, and culture.
4.1. The Prime Minister can dismiss the Deputy Prime Minister at any time for any reason.
4.2. The Prime Minister is held accountable for the Deputy Prime Minister's actions, and thus the Deputy Prime Minister is expected to be as professional as the Prime Minister.

New Section, Article C: The Cabinet

1. The Founder of Force shall be the Union's head of state and the Prime Minister of Force shall be the Union's head of government.
1.1. The Founder shall be responsible for maintaining stability, overseeing the Cabinet, and stepping in to lead the Cabinet should the need arise.
1.2. The Prime Minister shall be responsible for actively leading the Union and Cabinet.
2. The Prime Minister shall appoint the Cabinet and have the power to remove any of its members, except for the Founder. They shall be responsible for, at minimum, appointing ministers charged with foreign affairs, internal affairs, communications, and culture.
2.1. A minister shall be responsible for maintaining existing diplomatic relationships and forging new ones, overseeing the signing of treaties, and ensuring The Force Flyer is distributed to all of them.
2.2. A minister shall be responsible for overseeing domestic matters, including recruitment, and ensuring new members of the Union understand how the government works and know about all the opportunities available to them.
2.3. A minister shall be responsible for publishing The Force Flyer on a monthly basis and producing any other official publications and documents.
2.4. A minister shall be responsible for creating and running events for citizens of the Union to participate in, continuing old and forging new traditions, and recording the history of the Union.
2.5. All members of the Cabinet may appoint deputies to assist them in their duties. If any deputy is delegated power or responsibilities through the administration of a formal oath affirming this, they shall be considered a government official.
3. Any military or intelligence forces within the Union shall be considered under the supreme command and authority of the Founder and Prime Minister.
4. The Prime Minister can nominate a Deputy Prime Minister to help oversee the ministries. The House of Representatives shall be presented with that nominee and must hold a vote lasting three days, until all House Representatives have voted, or until a majority of House members have approved or rejected the nominee. If the nominee is rejected, the Prime Minister may present a new nominee and restart the process.
4.1. The Prime Minister can dismiss the Deputy Prime Minister at any time for any reason.
4.2. The Prime Minister is held accountable for the Deputy Prime Minister's actions, and thus the Deputy Prime Minister is expected to be as professional as the Prime Minister.
5. The Prime Minister shall not have the authority to appoint a non-citizen to a cabinet position or otherwise.

Existing Section, Article E: The House of Representatives

1. The House shall consist of Representatives from each region in the Union, proportional to the total number of World Assembly members in each region.
2. The total number of seats in the House of Representatives shall be decided at the start of every House election. Each region will be able to elect one Representative for every 5 World Assembly nations they have.
3. The House shall hold the power to pass and repeal laws.
4. The House may pass or repeal any of its laws with a simple majority vote by its members in favor of the change.
5. The House may hold impeachment proceedings against any government official, except House Representatives, Cabinet Ministers, and the Founder.
5.1. Any House member may initiate impeachment proceedings by writing articles of impeachment specifying the official to be impeached and the reasons for why they are being impeached. If these articles are seconded by another House Representative, they must be put to vote.
5.1.1. The Prime Minister and Justices shall require a 2/3 majority vote of the House to be impeached.
5.1.2. All other government officials, besides those excluded from impeachment in §E.6, shall require a simple majority vote to be impeached.
5.2. If the House passes articles of impeachment against any official other than a justice, those Articles of Impeachment shall go to the Justices for a vote on whether the reasons within those articles warrant removal from office. If the Justices vote with a simple majority in favor of removal, the official shall be removed from office.
5.2.1. In considering whether or not the articles warrant removal from office, the Justices must consider all factors: the specific circumstances, the opinion of the public on whether that official should be removed, and any other factors brought up in or related to the Articles of Impeachment. If the impeachment was for reasons other than breaking the law, the Justices must only consider those factors and not whether a law was broken, in choosing whether the official should be removed. Once they have come to a decision, the Chief Justice must write a detailed explanation of why they believe the official should or should not be removed from office.
5.3. If the House passes articles of impeachment against a justice, then those Articles of Impeachment shall go to the citizens for a vote on whether the reasons within those articles warrant removal from office. If the citizens vote with a simple majority in favor of removal, the Justice shall be removed from office.
6. Any member of the House may propose an amendment to this Constitution. Once every member of the House has had the chance to review the Amendment, the Amendment may be seconded and subsequently, sent to vote. If the House votes in favor of it, with a simple majority, it will then be sent to the citizens for a vote, lasting 4 days. If the citizens approve of the amendment with a 2/3 majority, the amendment will be sent to the Founder for approval.
6.1. If the Founder signs the amendment, the Constitution shall be amended and the amendment shall become law. In signing it, the Founder may fix any spelling errors in the passed amendment and that fixed version shall become law.
6.2. If the Founder vetoes it, providing reasoning for their veto, it shall not become law, with no option to override the veto.

New Section, Article E: The House of Representatives

1. The House shall consist of Representatives from each region in the Union, proportional to the total number of World Assembly members in each region.
2. The total number of seats in the House of Representatives shall be decided at the start of every House election. Each region will be able to elect one Representative for every 5 World Assembly nations they have.
3. The House shall hold the power to pass and repeal laws.
4. The House may pass or repeal any of its laws with a simple majority vote by its members in favor of the change.
5. The House may hold impeachment proceedings against any government official, except House Representatives, Cabinet Ministers, and the Founder.
5.1. Any House member may initiate impeachment proceedings by writing articles of impeachment specifying the official to be impeached and the reasons for why they are being impeached. If these articles are seconded by another House Representative, they must be put to vote.
5.1.1. The Prime Minister and Justices shall require a 2/3 majority vote of the House to be impeached.
5.1.2. All other government officials, besides those excluded from impeachment in §E.6, shall require a simple majority vote to be impeached.
5.2. If the House passes articles of impeachment against any official other than a justice, those Articles of Impeachment shall go to the Justices for a vote on whether the reasons within those articles warrant removal from office. If the Justices vote with a simple majority in favor of removal, the official shall be removed from office.
5.2.1. In considering whether or not the articles warrant removal from office, the Justices must consider all factors: the specific circumstances, the opinion of the public on whether that official should be removed, and any other factors brought up in or related to the Articles of Impeachment. If the impeachment was for reasons other than breaking the law, the Justices must only consider those factors and not whether a law was broken, in choosing whether the official should be removed. Once they have come to a decision, the Chief Justice must write a detailed explanation of why they believe the official should or should not be removed from office.
5.3. If the House passes articles of impeachment against a justice, then those Articles of Impeachment shall go to the citizens for a vote on whether the reasons within those articles warrant removal from office. If the citizens vote with a simple majority in favor of removal within 3 days, the Justice shall be removed from office.
6. Any member of the House may propose an amendment to this Constitution. Once every member of the House has had the chance to review the Amendment, the Amendment may be seconded and subsequently, sent to vote. If the House votes in favor of it, with a simple majority, it will then be sent to the citizens, within one week, for a vote lasting 4 days. This vote shall be administered by the Speaker of the House, their Deputy, or a citizen to whom the responsibility is delegated if neither of the aforementioned are able to. If the citizens approve of the amendment with a 2/3 majority, the amendment will be sent to the Founder for approval.
6.1. If the Founder signs the amendment, the Constitution shall be amended and the amendment shall become law. In signing it, the Founder may fix any spelling, grammar, and formatting errors in the passed amendment and that fixed version shall become law.
6.2. If the Founder vetoes it, providing reasoning for their veto, it shall not become law, with no option to override the veto.

Existing Section, Article G: Absences

1. A government office is considered absent when:
1.1. The office holder has lost citizenship.
1.2. The office holder has not spoken or performed their duties on the NationStates website, Force forums, or Force Discord server in at least 1 week.
1.2.1. If a government official anticipates an absence this long, in order to keep their position, prior to the absence they must provide reasonable cause for it and designate another official in their area of government to take on their responsibilities. This shall not apply to the Court, who are subject to §G.4, regardless of the circumstances.
1.3. The office holder has resigned.
1.4. The office holder has been removed from office.
1.5. The office was left absent following an election.
2. In the case of an absence in the office of Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister shall assume the position of Prime Minister. If there is no Deputy Prime Minister, or the Deputy Prime Minister chooses to not take the office, the Speaker of the House will become Prime Minister.
2.1. In the case of there being no Speaker of the House or them choosing not to take the office, the matter shall go to the House, who shall be responsible for choosing a new Prime Minister.
2.2. Any House Representative may nominate a member of the Cabinet or House for Prime Minister, provided that the nominee has agreed to their nomination. Both the nominations period and the subsequent vote shall last for 24 hours. The nominee with a majority of the vote shall become Prime Minister.
2.2.1. If no nominee receives a majority of the vote, a second vote shall be held in which only the two nominees with the highest vote totals remain. The nominee who receives a majority of the vote after 24 hours shall become Prime Minister.
2.3. If no nominations are made, an emergency election, following the same rules as a regular election, must be held.
3. In the case of an absence in the Cabinet, the Prime Minister must appoint a replacement within 7 days.
4. If all seats in the House of Representatives are vacant, an emergency election, following the same rules as a regular election, must be held if the next election for it is more than one month away.
5. In the case of an absence in the Court, the Founder must appoint a replacement within 5 days or choose to hold an emergency election for the position.
6. In the case of any other absence, unless otherwise specified by law, the office shall be considered vacant and no further action shall be taken.

New Section, Article G: Absences

1. A government office is considered absent when:
1.1. The office holder has lost citizenship.
1.2. The office holder has not spoken or performed their duties on the NationStates website, Force forums, or Force Discord server in at least 1 week.
1.2.1. If a government official anticipates an absence this long, in order to keep their position, prior to the absence they must provide reasonable cause for it and designate another official in their area of government to take on their responsibilities. This shall not apply to the Court, who are subject to §G.4, regardless of the circumstances.
1.3. The office holder has resigned.
1.4. The office holder has been removed from office.
1.5. The office was left absent following an election.
2. In addition to the above conditions, an office in the House of Representatives shall be considered absent when:
2.1. The nation with which the office holder was elected is no longer present in the region.
3. In the case of an absence in the office of Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister shall assume the position of Prime Minister.
3.1. In the case that there is no Deputy Prime Minister or them choosing not to take the office of Prime Minister, the matter shall go to the House, who shall be responsible for choosing a new Prime Minister.
3.2. Any House Representative may nominate a member of the Cabinet or House for Prime Minister, provided that the nominee has agreed to their nomination. Both the nominations period and the subsequent vote shall last for 24 hours. The nominee with a majority of the vote shall become Prime Minister.
3.2.1. If no nominee receives a majority of the vote, a second vote shall be held in which only the two nominees with the highest vote totals remain. The nominee who receives a majority of the vote after 24 hours shall become Prime Minister.
3.3. If no nominations are made, an emergency election, following the same rules as a regular election, must be held.
4. In the case of an absence in the Cabinet, the Prime Minister must appoint a replacement within 7 days.
5. If all seats in the House of Representatives are vacant, an emergency election, following the same rules as a regular election, must be held if the next election for it is more than one month away.
6. In the case of an absence in the Court, the Founder must appoint a replacement within 5 days or choose to hold an emergency election for the position.
7. In the case of any other absence, unless otherwise specified by law, the office shall be considered vacant and no further action shall be taken.

Existing Section, Article H: Elections

1. Stages
1.1. Elections shall begin with candidacy declarations, which shall be open for 3 days.
1.2. Following this, a debate, open to questions by all citizens, shall be held for 3 days.
1.3. The last stage shall be voting, which shall be held for 4 days.
1.4. Following the completion of one stage in an election, the next stage shall begin within 12 hours.
1.5. Should circumstances necessitate it, each stage may be shortened by up to one day. The length of a stage may not be changed once that stage has begun.
2. Voting
2.1. If an election ends with no candidate achieving a majority, voting shall continue until one does. If that election has only one candidate, a fresh election shall be held.
2.2. All ranked choice voting shall follow this process:
2.2.1. If there are more than two candidates, voters may rank their preferred candidates. Their favorite candidate shall be ranked 1, their second favorite 2, and so on as far as they wish to do rankings. Each candidate may only be ranked once.
2.2.2. The candidate with the majority of votes shall be elected. Abstentions shall not be considered.
2.2.3. If no candidate achieves a majority, an instant runoff shall be triggered. The second preference of those who voted for a candidate other than the two with the most votes shall be counted, then their third preference, and so on until a candidate has a majority of votes.
2.2.3.1. If the number of votes for all candidates is at parity, the second preferences of all voters shall be counted. This shall be repeated with each lower preference until two candidates have higher vote tallies than the others. §H.2.2.3 shall then be followed as usual.
2.2.4. If all of a voter's preferences have been counted, their ballot shall not be used in further counting.
2.3. In elections for House Representatives, ballots shall allow residents of each territory to vote for or against each candidate running for that territory's seat(s). They may vote, at maximum, for as many candidates as there are available seats, as indicated by §E.2. The candidates with more votes for than against them shall be elected.
2.4. In elections for Court Justices, ballots shall allow citizens to vote for or against each candidate. They may vote, at maximum, for up to five candidates if there are at least that many candidates for the position. Otherwise, they may vote, at maximum, for up to three candidates. The candidates with more votes for than against them shall be elected.
3. Oversight
3.1. All stages of general and midterm elections shall be started, overseen, and run by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
3.2. The Speaker shall be responsible for sending a telegram to all citizens of the Union's capital region and is urged to send one to each of its states, notifying them of the start of each election stage. They shall do the same on the Force Discord Server.
3.3. If the Speaker is unable to perform these duties, the responsibility of doing so shall fall to the Deputy Speaker. If for whatever reason, the Deputy Speaker is unable to fulfill these duties either, the Chief Justice shall be endowed with these responsibilities.
4. General Elections
4.1. These shall be held to elect the Prime Minister, all seats in the House of Representatives except for those from the capital territory, and all Court Justices.
4.2. They shall begin on the first of March, July, and November.
4.3. Elections for Prime Minister shall follow ranked choice voting procedures.
5. Midterm Elections
5.1. These shall be held to elect the capital territory's seats in the House of Representatives and all Court Justices.
5.2. They shall begin on the first of January, May, and September.
6. No emergency election for a vacant office shall conflict with a regularly scheduled election for that same office.

New Section, Article H: Elections

1. Stages
1.1. Elections shall begin with candidacy declarations, which shall be open for 3 days.
1.2. Following this, a debate, open to questions by all citizens, shall be held for 3 days.
1.3. The last stage shall be voting, which shall be held for 4 days.
1.4. Following the completion of one stage in an election, the next stage shall begin within 12 hours.
1.5. Should circumstances necessitate it, each stage may be shortened by up to one day. The length of a stage may not be changed once that stage has begun.
2. Voting
2.1. All ranked choice voting shall follow this process:
2.1.1. If there are more than two candidates, voters may rank their preferred candidates. Their favorite candidate shall be ranked 1, their second favorite 2, and so on as far as they wish to do rankings. Each candidate may only be ranked once.
2.1.2. First preference votes shall be counted initially. If a candidate achieves a majority after this, they shall be elected. Otherwise, the candidate with the least votes shall be eliminated and the second preferences of that candidate's voters shall be counted instead. This process of elimination and counting next preferences shall be repeated until one candidate has a majority of votes.
2.1.2.1. If no candidate can be eliminated or more than one can be eliminated, the second preferences of all voters shall take the place of first preference ones. If a candidate has a majority of votes at this stage, they shall be elected. Otherwise, this process shall be repeated with each successive preference until it is possible to eliminate just one candidate.
2.1.2.2. If all of a voter's preferences have been eliminated, their ballot shall not be used in further counting.
2.1.2.3. Abstentions shall not be considered in determining whether or not a candidate has achieved a majority.
2.1.2.4. If for any reason, this process of elimination does not result in a candidate holding a majority of the vote, another vote, following the same procedures and lasting only one day, shall be held.
2.2. In elections for House Representatives, ballots shall allow residents of each territory to vote for or against each candidate running for that territory's seat(s). They may vote, at maximum, for as many candidates as there are available seats, as indicated by §E.2. The candidates with more votes for than against them shall be elected.
2.3. In elections for Court Justices, ballots shall allow citizens to vote for or against each candidate. They may vote, at maximum, for up to five candidates if there are at least that many candidates for the position. Otherwise, they may vote, at maximum, for up to three candidates. The candidates with more votes for than against them shall be elected.
3. Oversight
3.1. All stages of general and midterm elections shall be started, overseen, and run by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
3.2. The Speaker shall be responsible for sending a telegram to all citizens of the Union's capital region and is urged to send one to each of its states, notifying them of the start of each election stage. They shall do the same on the Force Discord Server.
3.3. If the Speaker is unable to perform these duties, the responsibility of doing so shall fall to the Deputy Speaker. If for whatever reason, the Deputy Speaker is unable to fulfill these duties either, the Chief Justice shall be endowed with these responsibilities.
4. General Elections
4.1. These shall be held to elect the Prime Minister, all seats in the House of Representatives except for those from the capital territory, and all Court Justices.
4.2. They shall begin on the first of March, July, and November.
4.3. Elections for Prime Minister shall follow ranked choice voting procedures.
5. Midterm Elections
5.1. These shall be held to elect the capital territory's seats in the House of Representatives and all Court Justices.
5.2. They shall begin on the first of January, May, and September.
6. No emergency election for a vacant office shall conflict with a regularly scheduled election for that same office.

Existing Section, Article I: Illegal Activities

1. Treason
1.1. Attempting to or successfully undermining the legitimate government of the Union or its allies.
1.2. Attempting to or successfully harming the people of the Union or the people of the Union's allies.
1.3. Attempting to or successfully raiding or illegally occupying a territory of the Union of Force or its allies.
2. Espionage
2.1. Attempting to or successfully accessing sensitive information without prior approval from the Founder or Prime Minister.
2.2. Attempting to or successfully sharing sensitive information without prior approval from the Founder or Prime Minister.
3. Conspiracy
3.1. Collaborating with one or more other citizens to commit any of the activities in this Article.
3.2. Collaborating with one or more foreign nationals to commit any of the activities in this Article.
3.3. Collaborating with a mix of citizens and foreign nationals to commit any of the activities in this Article.
4. Voting Fraud
4.1. Attempting to or successfully undermining the validity of an election through the creation of multiple accounts.
4.2. Attempting to or successfully undermining the validity of an election, referendum, or vote of any other kind by bringing in nations to vote for one or more specific candidates or ideas.
4.3. Attempting to or successfully undermining the validity of an election by means of something other than that mentioned in §I.4.1 and §I.4.2.
5. Malfeasance and Nonfeasance
5.1. Malfeasance shall be defined as wrongdoing or misconduct by a government official.
5.2. Nonfeasance shall be defined as a failure to perform one's responsibilities in any government office.

New Section, Article I: Illegal Activities

1. Treason
1.1. Attempting to or successfully undermining the legitimate government of the Union or its allies.
1.2. Attempting to or successfully harming the people of the Union or the people of the Union's allies.
1.3. Attempting to or successfully raiding or illegally occupying a territory of the Union of Force or its allies.
2. Espionage
2.1. Attempting to or successfully accessing sensitive information without prior approval from the Founder or Prime Minister.
2.2. Attempting to or successfully sharing sensitive information without prior approval from the Founder or Prime Minister.
3. Conspiracy
3.1. Collaborating with one or more other citizens to commit any of the activities in this Article.
3.2. Collaborating with one or more foreign nationals to commit any of the activities in this Article.
3.3. Collaborating with a mix of citizens and foreign nationals to commit any of the activities in this Article.
4. Voting Fraud
4.1. Attempting to or successfully undermining the validity of an election, referendum, or vote of any kind through the creation of multiple accounts.
4.2. Attempting to or successfully undermining the validity of an election, referendum, or vote of any other kind by bringing in nations to vote for one or more specific candidates or ideas.
4.3. Attempting to or successfully undermining the validity of an election, referendum, or vote of any kind by means of something other than that mentioned in §I.4.1 and §I.4.2.
5. Perjury
5.1. Lying or willfully deceiving a member of the Court or Jury during a trial or through the providing of fake or manipulated evidence.
6. Nonfeasance and Malfeasance
6.1. Nonfeasance shall be defined as a failure to perform one's responsibilities in any government office.
6.2. Malfeasance shall be defined as violating the Constitution or any other binding law in a manner other than specified in the preceding clauses.

Existing Article, Article J: Punishments

1. The crimes of treason and espionage may be punished with:
1.1. Removal of citizenship
1.2. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 2 years.
1.3. Temporary removal of the right to run for public office; for a maximum of 2 years.
2. The crimes of voting fraud and malfeasance may be punished with:
2.1. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 1 year.
2.2. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 2 years.
3. The crime of nonfeasance may be punished with:
3.1. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 6 months.
4. The crime of conspiracy to commit treason or espionage may be punished with:
4.1. Removal of citizenship
4.2. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 1 year.
4.3. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 1 year.
5. The crime of conspiracy to commit voting fraud or malfeasance may be punished with:
5.1. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 6 months.
5.2. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 1 year.
6. The crime of conspiracy to commit nonfeasance may be punished with:
6.1. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 3 months.

New Article, Article J: Punishments

1. The crimes of treason and espionage may be punished with:
1.1. Removal of citizenship
1.2. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 2 years.
1.3. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 2 years.
2. The crimes of voting fraud and malfeasance may be punished with:
2.1. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 1 year.
2.2. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 2 years.
3. The crime of nonfeasance may be punished with:
3.1. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 6 months.
4. The crimes of perjury and conspiracy to commit perjury may be punished with:
4.1. Temporary removal of the ability to participate as a witness or provider of evidence in any trial; for a maximum of 1 year.
4.2. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 6 months.
5. The crime of conspiracy to commit treason or espionage may be punished with:
5.1. Removal of citizenship
5.2. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 1 year.
5.3. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 1 year.
6. The crime of conspiracy to commit voting fraud or malfeasance may be punished with:
6.1. Temporary removal of the ability to vote; for a maximum of 6 months.
6.2. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 1 year.
7. The crime of conspiracy to commit nonfeasance may be punished with:
7.1. Temporary removal of the right to hold or run for public office; for a maximum of 3 months.

This shall serve as the official Consulate of the region Fylkirvegr to the Union of Force and its Territories.

Your Honor, Mr. Chief Justice:

§G.1.1 of the Constitution specifies that government offices are vacant when a nation loses citizenship. However, the recent appointment of Tyjarvustivdorker, who never held citizenship appears to challenge the way in which this works. The questions I wish to pose to the Court today is, based upon that and any other parts of the Constitution:
Is Tyjarvustivdorker Prime Minister now because he was DPM or did he lose the position of DPM immediately after being appointed due to lacking citizenship, making the Speaker of the House Prime Ministers?
If Tyjarvustivdorker is Prime Minister, since they lack citizenship, would it be legal to remove them by means of an Executive Order?

Thank you for your time.